Graphene is a material derived from graphite, which is composed of pure carbon and is one of nature's most important elements, found in everyday items such as pencil lead. Allotropes are different forms of the same element whose atoms combine in different ways, allowing them to exist in different forms at the same temperature and pressure. Graphene-based materials can be used in a broad range of possible applications, including flexible, transparent electrodes, sensors and electronics. Graphene has received extensive research attention in recent years due to its fascinating properties. The discovery of graphene provided an immense boost up and new dimension to materials research and nanotechnology. The multidisciplinary characteristics of graphene have a wide range of applications from health to aerospace. This book emphasized on the carbon allotropes, synthesis and their applications for human welfare.