Sanitary Statistics of Native Colonial Schools and Hospitals is a comprehensive 19th-century treatise authored by Edward Green Balfour, a distinguished surgeon and medical statistician in British India. Drawing on his extensive experience and meticulous research, Balfour presents a detailed analysis of the health conditions, mortality rates, and sanitary practices within native schools and hospitals across colonial territories, particularly in India. The book meticulously compiles statistical data, case studies, and comparative tables to highlight the impact of environmental factors, infrastructure, and public health policies on the well-being of indigenous populations. Balfour's work delves into the prevalence of diseases, the effectiveness of medical interventions, and the role of education in improving health outcomes among native communities. He examines the challenges faced by colonial administrators in implementing sanitary reforms, addressing issues such as overcrowding, inadequate ventilation, poor water supply, and insufficient medical care. The author advocates for systematic record-keeping and the adoption of scientific methods to monitor and improve public health standards. Through its rigorous analysis and empirical approach, Sanitary Statistics of Native Colonial Schools and Hospitals not only provides valuable insights into the state of health and hygiene in colonial institutions but also serves as an early call for evidence-based policy-making in public health. The book remains a significant historical document, shedding light on the intersection of medicine, education, and colonial governance, and offering a critical perspective on the legacy of colonial health systems.