This book constitutes a comprehensive exploration of two pivotal domains that are indispensable for comprehending the contemporary challenges confronting science and society: artificial intelligence and data science. These disciplines profoundly influence the generation of knowledge, the development of innovations, and the resolution of complex problems in various domains of social, economic, political, and cultural life. Entitled Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Practices in Scientific Development, this book compiles studies and applications from research groups collaborating at the intersection of technology, information, and scientific innovation and cultural areas.